#ionic 6

[berenwrites]

Finally!

Our Tesla is finally going next week. It's going to cost us a couple of grand, but so worth it. We've had to wait until we could get the wheels done because they have scrapes on them and it's on finance so if they find the smallest scratch they will charge through the nose. They will be done on Monday.

Unfortunately we have to use it this weekend. We were supposed to be using my car (the 17 year old Honda CRV that's still going strong, thank you very much - I am of the opinion a car should be comfy and get from a to b, my hubby is the petrol head (or EV head these days) - but then you can take the boy out of Essex, but not the Essex out of the boy) but it needs its tyres changed and the tracking done and it was supposed to be done yesterday, but the guy called in sick. Hence we have to wait until Tuesday for it to be drivable again.

Rob had it all planned out, and then the lurgi got in the way!

Since we have also both had the lurgi (me for a week and Rob for 2 weeks - his asthma made it hang around) we have to sympathise with the poor chap who had to cancel, but it is still frustrating.

Rob was going to be using my car for a while whilst we looked for a replacement, but we think we have already found one - a Hyundai Ionic 6. There is the perfect one, just over a year old at the local dealership. Better range, more reliable and no Swasticar connotations - so win/win/win.

[soombee]

ଳ⋆｡˚𖦹 caught in the current of you — kim leehan ,𓆝₊ ⊹

dear diary, manifesting an aquarium date with him!!

༉‧₊˚. soombee presents… Caught in the Current of You!

𓆝 𓆟 𓆞 in which .. you stumble upon your classmates’ band and immediately became attracted to the most oblivious man known to earth, who, of course, has no idea you exist beyond the accidental glances you share in chemistry

or .. you unexpectedly meet your realistically unrealistic crush at an aquarium, a chance encounter that shifts the tides and, maybe, just maybe, the currents of fate will finally bring you two together—only if leehan manages to catch on !

𓇼 pairing . kim donghyun (leehan) x yn (mostly as @dessi_dessi_d on ig!)

➻❥ incl. bonedo, kiof, aespa, trainee a, iland

𓇼 genre . m.sci major!leehan x bio major!yn , obvious x oblivious , artist x fan , “got it?” x “yes ma’am!!” , bonedo as a small band , fluff , crack , half smau + half written🪼

𓇼 warnings . curse words , sensitive jokes (kys, etc.)

𓇼 status . fin! :o

୨🪼୧ taglist (closed) ! @saintriots @yourmyst4r @sftsohee @httpenhoon @alisonyus @astrae4 @lynnimini @enhacolor @mari3s @voikiraz @yveol @sol3chu @saritahwang @kazemiya @kamfaye @meoriapeuda99 @1starqi @dylanobr1ens @lisaswifey

note/s : lowkey started rhis as a one shot but then the banner i made would be a waste so here we r 😮‍💨 ++ plot may be subjected to small changes ! (comment or ask if u wanna be tagged!!)

‘’🐚,, chapter catalogue !

profiles .. boynextdoor // divas (plus sangwon)

prologue ; fine shyt acquired

ch. 1 : fish facts & a lil chemistry

ch. 2 : ionic bonds

ch. 3 : when worlds collide

ch. 4 : sangwon is fakeness

ch. 5 : 𝓲 𝓯𝔀 𝔂𝓱𝓾 𝓱𝓮𝓪𝓿𝔂

ch. 6 : chemistry or chemistry ?!

ch. 7 : which could mean NOTHING

ch. 8 : there’s other fish in the sea =͟͟͞͞(꒪ᗜ꒪‧̣̥̇)

ch. 9 : checkmate !!

ch. 10 : what are we, kim donghyun?!

ch. 11 : #takeleehanback

ch. 12 : diva down!

ch. 13 : i sea us together forever

epilogue ; our forever <3

purely © soombee ‘s work ― all rights reserved !! please refrain from copying , stealing , or translating my work ( w/o permission ) thanku!

[jonathan-cranes-mistress-of-fear]

Rating Scarecrow Shirts Available on Amazon

A perfect shirt, good design, classic 10/10

Nolanverse is good, ionic and for some reason available in pink 7/10

the GOAT, the original, the badass one 9/10

A bit to chaotic for my tastes, hard to decern the design 4/10

Oh fuck yeah, now this is what I'm talking ABOUT 11/10

Kinda derpy.... 6/10

Fuckin awesome 10/10 (also I spot trans flag colors)

[simstorian-blog]

New York City: ONE

(CC List + Links)

World Map: San Myshuno

Area: Spice Market – Old Salt House

Lot Size:  30 x 30

Capacity:

4 Apartments: 2 bedrooms, 1 bathroom, washer/dryer per unit

1 Townhouse: 4 Bedroom Suites, 6 Baths, 2 Half Baths, A Sauna, Indoor Pool, Gym, Office Space, Entertainment/Hosting Floor

Shared Areas: Café, Game Room, Laundromat (non-functional), Press Conference Room, Security Booth

Gallery ID: Simstorian-ish

Packs Needed

Expansion Packs

City Living

Discover University

Eco Lifestyle

For Rent

Get Famous

Get Together

Get To Work

Growing Together

High School Years

Horse Ranch

Snowy Escape

Game Packs

Dine Out

Jungle Adventures

Spa Day

Strangerville

Vampires

Stuff Packs

Laundry Day

Kits

Cozy Bistro

Desert Luxe

Recommended Gameplay Mods

(Please read through what each mod has to offer before deciding if it fits your gameplay style or not.)

City Vibes Lot Traits

Lock/Unlock Doors for Any Lot

Use Residential Rentals shared areas as Community Lots

Build Mode

Felixandre

Berlin Pt. 2 (Doors, Ionic Column)

Chateau Pt. 2 (Marble Tiles, Stone Stairs)

Colonial Pt. 3 (Column 1, Fence 2, Railing 2, Spandrel 1)

Georgian (Arches, Doors)

Gothic Revival (Pilaster 4m, Socket, Trim 1)

Paris Pt. 2 (Bar, Bistro Table, Counter, Espresso Bar, Glass Display, Island, Paneling 3 Tiles, Stone Wall, Window Decal)

Soho Pt. 2

Soho Pt. 3

Soho Pt. 4

Versailles

Harlix

Kichen (Fresco Wall)

Tiny Twavellers (Trim Wall)

Harrie

Brownstone Pt. 2 (Traditional Items, Stone Wall)

Brownstone Pt. 3 (Wallpapers)

Klean Pt. 2

Klean Pt. 3 (Plaster Window Frame Large)

Hey Brine

Indonis Bathroom (Penny Floor & Wall Tiles)

Joyce

 Summer Garden (Floor Tiles)

Lili’s Palace

Folklore (Smoky Kitchen Wall)

Intarsia (Polished Marble Floor + Florence Fresco Add-ons)

Lijoue

A Louer Collection (Apt Mailboxes, Door, Intercom, Iron Fence, Railing, Stone Stairs)

Peacemaker

Multi-Level Carpet

Pierisim

Combles (Module Medium 2, Paneling Middle)

Sooky88

Victorian Tiled Flooring

Syboubou

Industrial Elevators (This Mesh Needed)

Buy Mode

AroundTheSims4

Laundromat (Chariot, Folding Table - Metallic, Seating x3, Laundromat Sign, Soap Machine)

CharlyPancakes

Lavish (Wardrobe Pieces)

Lighthouse Collection (3-Seater Sofa)

Felixandre

Chateau Pt. 4 (Fridge, Cabinets, Counters, Sink)

Chateau Pt. 5 (Bookshelf V2 – Medium)

Grove Pt. 2 (Timber Shelves)

Flirtyghoul

Lavanderia (Note: Non-functional)

Harlix

Bafroom (All Wall Mirrors)

Baysic Bathroom (Shower Wall, Toilet Roll)

Orjanic Pt. 2 (Medium Curtain + Rod)

Harrie

Brutalist Bathroom

Coastal Pt. 3 (Marble Kitchen Sink)

Coastal Pt. 6 (Bathtub, Landscape Mirror, Shower, Toilet)

Spoons Pt. 2 (Cake Boards, Pastry Display Platter)

Meinkatz

Light Fixture (DL on Patreon)

Thermostat

Pierisim

Coldbrew Pt. 2 (Books, Menu, Napkins)

Coldbrew Pt. 3

Oak House Pt. 4 (Bathtub, Shower, Towel Holder, Wall Hanging Light)

Woodland Ranch (Dining Chair 1 + 2)

Ravasheen

Thermostat

Tuds

SHKR

DO NOT REUPLOAD MY LOTS.

DO NOT CLAIM THEM AS YOUR OWN.

DO NOT PLACE BEHIND A PAYWALL.

Tray Files: DOWNLOAD

[aropride]

the thing abt college is you'll spend all day freaking out over nothing and then you'll watch tv on ur laptop and then you'll lie in bed on ur phone and then at 12:30am you'll go to bed and at 6:30am you'll wake up so you can go try to understand the difference between covalent ionic and hydrogen bonds at 9:30 in the fucking morning

[awesomecitys-blog]

you ever think about the fact that Anakin has fought Dooku more than Obi-Wan has? like, Anakin has fought Dooku 7 times in over the course of the series, while Obi-Wan has a minuscule 3 and a 1/2 to 4 fights total. and that’s just the movies and the clone wars tv show, not any comic or book fights

starting with attack of the clones, Anakin and Obi-Wan each get one

then there’s the clone wars movie, which gives Anakin 2

then Anakin fights Dooku on Naboo for a total of 3 to Obi-Wan’s 1

next is when Dooku set-up a fake dinner to kidnap Palpatine, which gives Anakin 4 and Obi-Wan… well this is where it’s up to you and how pedantic you wish to be, cause Obi-Wan shows up just in time to help Anakin get Palpatine off of Dooku’s ship, but he didn’t really fight Dooku then and he wasn’t present for the fight up until that point, so it’s a 1/2 point for clashing lightsabers once and a full point if you’re pedantic and say that any lightsaber blade clash is grounds for a fight

point total: Anakin 4 Obi-Wan 1 and a 1/2 to 2

next is their battle with Dooku on the Pyke Syndicate home world, which is 5 for Anakin and 2 and a 1/2 to 3 for Obi-Wan

followed by Yoda’s vision, where Anakin fights Dooku alone for a total of 6 fights in Anakin’s favor

and then we all know the ionic Revenge of the Sith fight, bringing Anakin’s score to a grand total of 7 and Obi-Wan’s to 3 and a 1/2 to 4

there’s one comic in which Obi-Wan fights Dooku with a Jedi named Tiplee, which I didn’t count cause I don’t know enough about the comics, but if you want to count it, it brings Obi-Wan up to 4 and a 1/2 to 5. still low in comparison to Anakin

like, it’s weird how Anakin and Obi-Wan vs Dooku is so ionic, and it only happened 3 times in canon, 4 with being pedantic. it makes me laugh every time I think about it

[cromerholt]

dont never drink one of those limoncello bang energy drinks. my fucking god bro. shit tastes like straight research chemicals. im talking monsanto. thats that superfund slurp. this drink is not a place of honor. some drop and run drank. no fucking way bro. you do not want that exxon elixir. youll be sipping on some soylent green. told my children i love them. time for them to explore this galaxy alone. drink that makes you feel like its 25 or 6 to 4. feels like the enemy is spinning up the photon torpedoes and the ionic stellar dust is disabling our weapon systems. no sir. this shit tastes like fauci highball. he drank this shit in district 9. i just heard them play a sorrowful refrain on the mandachord. this shit tastes like a lexus dealership. not fit for man nor beast.

[merymoonbeam]

Truth

just a compilation of quotes and some information. (Hofas spoilers but I cant add read more so just ignore the post if you want idk)

Mor quote from Acomaf:

She lifted the orb from its velvet nest. It was no larger than a ripe apple, and fit within her cupped palms as if her entire body, her entire being, had been molded for it. “Truth is deadly. Truth is freedom. Truth can break and mend and bind. The Veritas holds in it the truth of the world. I am the Morrigan,” she said, her eyes not wholly of this earth. The hair on my arms rose. “You know I speak truth.”

Acomaf Book Of Breathings

Unmade and Made; Made and Unmade—that is the cycle. Like calls to like.

Acomaf Book Of Breathings Prophecy

Life and death and rebirth

Sun and moon and dark

Rot and bloom and bones

Hello, sweet thing. Hello, lady of night, princess of decay. Hello, fanged beast and trembling fawn. Love me, touch me, sing me.

Acowar Elriel TT scene:

Elain looked up at Azriel, their eyes meeting, his hand still lingering on the hilt of the blade. I saw the painting in my mind: the lovely fawn, blooming spring vibrant behind her.Standing before Death, shadows and terrors lurking over his shoulder. Light and dark, the space between their bodies a blend of the two. The only bridge of connection … that knife.(acowar)

Crescent City2 TT and Gwydion:

The male drew it, and Bryce flinched. Flinched, but—“What the fuck?” The knife could have been the twin of the Starsword: black hilted and bladed. It was its twin. The Starsword began to hum within its sheath, glittering white light leaking from where leather met the dark hilt. The dagger—.The male dropped the dagger to the plush carpet. All of them retreated as it flared with dark light, as if in answer. Alpha and Omega. “Gwydion,” the dark-haired female whispered, indicating the Starsword.(hosab)

Alpha and Omega meaning:

Alpha (Α) and omega (Ω) are the first and last letters, respectively, of the classical (Ionic) Greek alphabet. Thus, the phrase “I am the alpha and the omega” is further clarified with the additional phrase, “the beginning and the end” in Revelation 21:6, 22:13. The first and last letters of the Greek alphabet were used because the book of Revelation is in the New Testament, which was originally written in Greek.This phrase is interpreted by many Christians to mean that Jesus has existed for all eternity or that God is eternal. 

In Hebrew, the word emet (אמת, meaning “truth”), is referred to as the “Seal of God.”[8][9][10] [Cf. Isaiah 44:6[11]] The word is composed of the first, middle, and last letters of the Hebrew alphabet. The midrash explains that emet is made up of the first, middle, and last letters of the Hebrew alphabet (aleph, mem, and tav: אמת). Sheqer (שקר, falsehood), on the other hand, is made up of the 19th, 20th, and 21st (and penultimate) letters. Thus, truth is all-encompassing, while falsehood is narrow and deceiving.

Hofas Gwydion and Truth-Teller information

“The Starsword is Made, as you called it.” He waved an idle hand, sparks at his fingertips. “The knife can Unmake things. Made and Unmade. Matter and antimatter. With the right influx of power—a command from the one destined to wield them—they can be merged. And they can create a place where no life, no light exists. A place that is nothing. Nowhere.”

Hofas Gwydion and TT singing

Because the sword and dagger weren’t merely tugging now. They were singing, and all she had to do was reach out for them—

[palikaraki]

chemistry chapter rating. i am so lost that i dont even remember the order of these my brain has turned to mush

1) atomic orbitals: 10000/10. do not ask why quantum phys got the kys in my last rating. this is different.

2) electron configuration/periodic table: 8.5/10 pretty cute but feels like a fucking chore sometimes. i have to write out the aufbau diagram each time because i cant remember shit

3) intermolecular forces: 10/10 literally just silly little understandable theory about electric dipoles i should not have even listed this as a chapter. deeply unserious. does not even show up in like 90% of the final exams

4) thermochemistry: 0/10 what is the point of you?

5) chemical kinetics: 2/10 made up

6) chemical equilibrium: 9/10 le chatelier is my bias

7) electrolytes-ionic equilibrium: -∞/10KILL YOURSELF

8) redox reactions-electrolysis: 5/10 leaves me indifferent. boring. tedious. whatever

9) organic chemistry: [REDACTED]/10 you know i started off the year with an intense passionate hatred for organic chemistry. it made me cry. it make me have multiple breakdowns. i could not solve shit. stoichiometry problems were making me bordeline homicidal and suicidal at the same time. haloform reactions drove me past the "borderline". but you know. now that i have experienced ionic equilibrium. looking back at ochem. sitting on my desk and solving little mixture problems. it feels like seeing an old friend. an annoying friend perhaps. a friend you talked shit about behind their back. a friend you would gladly ghost permanently, given the chance. but they are still a friend. and after all this hardship, they see you, and they offer their hand. and you take it. and you hold it. and suddenly the friend is not so annoying anymore. suddenly you feel disgust for your past actions and thoughts. you have been exposed to the evils of the world and you have now come to realize that you were actively contributing to them. no more. no more

[customdestiny]

Bringing back the old taken king exotic class items as randomly rolled exotics that can be paired with other exotics. Are some of these effects broken, probably, but I don't develop the game, so I wouldn't know. Also, the column two effect will always work, even if you don't have the other exotic that the class item is lifebound too. Good luck with grinding out and getting all 16 combos of each!

Titan Exotic Class Item - Sunforged Soul (Mark of the Sunforged)

Column 1 - Lifebound to [Loreley Splendor Helm | Ashen Wake | Sunfire Furnace | Phoenix Cradle]: This exotic can be equipped at the same time as [Loreley Splendor Helm | Ashen Wake | Sunfire Furnace | Phoenix Cradle].

Column 2 - Sun God’s [Might | Grace | Dawn | Spine]:

Might: Roaring flames maximum stacks are increased to 4.

Grace: Restoration from your Sunspots are improved.

Dawn: Your scorch effects deal improved damage and generate melee energy when damaging a target.

Spine: Solar ability damage grants grenade energy. 

(Might allows roaring flames to go to 4 {obv}, gaining 90% {pvp: 50%} increased ability damage at that level. Grace makes ALL sunspots give resto x2, including for your allies with phoenix cradle interaction, and welcome back og Loreley. Dawn is dawn chorus, 200% {50%} increased scorch damage and 5% melee energy per tick. Spine is YAS, though a bit of a lesser one cause throwing hammer, so only 12.5% per damage instance)

Warlock Exotic Class Item - Stormbearer’s Catalyst (Stormcaller Bond)

Column 1 - Lifebound to [Crown of Tempest | Getaway Artist | Stormdancer’s Brace | Geomag Stabilizers]: This exotic can be equipped at the same time as [Crown of Tempest | Getaway Artist | Stormdancer’s Brace | Geomag Stabilizers].

Column 2 -  [Immortal | Cataclysmic | Insurmountable | Blight] Arcmage:

Immortal: Collecting an Ionic Trace restores health and starts health recovery.

Cataclysmic: Using an arc grenade briefly increases its recharge rate. While the buff is active, arc final blows extend the duration and grant Bolt Charge.

Insurmountable: Kills with arc melees restore melee energy.

Blight: [Super]: Cancel your arc super early, temporarily increasing Arc weapon damage and creating a blinding burst.

(Immortal gives 25 health on trace pick up and kick starts health regen. Cataclysmic acts like weavers trace from mindspun invocation. Using arc nade {including eating it with getaway} grants a Cataclysmic Storm buff for 6 secs, increasing grenade regen by 150%. Arc kills while the buff is active grants bolt charge and extends it by 4 seconds, up to 20. If you throw another grenade, buff will stack to x2|x3, granting 225%|333% increased grenade regen. Insurmountable is just like the titan Exotic, full melee energy on arc melee kill {bout to go WILD on prismatic}. Blight is blight ranger, cancel either arc super now, and doing it with either will create blinding explosions and tier 4 arc weapon damage increase.)

Hunter Exotic Class Item - Shaded Shroud (Nightstalker Cloak)

Column 1 - Lifebound to [Graviton Forfeit | Khepri’s Sting | Omnioculus | Orpheus Rig]: This exotic can be equipped at the same time as [Graviton Forfeit | Khepri’s Sting | Omnioculus | Orpheus Rig].

Column 2 - Nocturnal [Hunt | Veil | Sin | Silence]:

Hunt: On the Prowl marks up to two additional targets or one additional guardian. Smoke Bombs radius is increased.

Veil: Activating your void super grants you and nearby allies an overshield and invisibility.

Sin: Void-damage kills increase ability energy recharge rate.

Silence: While you have a Void super equipped, rapid final blows and final blows while critically wounded grant Devour.

(Hunt allows on the prowl to mark 3 total pve combatants or 2 guardians. Veil makes any void super cast grant full overshield and invisibility to you and allies within 15m. Sin is the nezy sin just on hunter, void kills grant 2.5 sec of buff, up to 20 secs. Slightly reduced ability regen thou, 200% grenade and melee, 125% class ability and super. Silence is the secondary effect of quiet one, with an easy access to devour.)

[erbiumspectrum]

Hello! What are you writing your thesis about? I saw you mention it in one of your posts and now I'm curious 🙃

Hi! Omg thank you for giving me an opportunity to talk about this ahaha

Broadly speaking: coordination chemistry of inorganic f-block compounds.

More detailed version: I synthesized 6 different coordination compounds of the two lanthanides chosen by my thesis supervisor (those are the crystals I talk about in here all the time). Now I'm in the process of confirming their structure via electron spectroscopy (am "in the process" bc I can only be in my thesis lab once a week, so it's taking like forever. Also, I'm a spectro newbie to say the least lol so for now I'm just running the spectrometer. Learning to analyze the spectra is still ahead of me). The next step will be to determine the hydration - dehydration equilibria in the solutions of my compounds and to analyze their ionic strength.

In practice that means I have to learn what seems like a ton of new things - which can be overwhelming, but at the same time it means I get to learn so much more than the standard program. I mean, electron spectroscopy is an elective (and not even for all the degrees at my faculty), quantum chem is mandatory but the way it's taught I learnt almost nothing, there's no class on group theory/ symmetry in chemistry, crystallochemistry is also only an elective - but these are some of the things I need to understand thoroughly what I'm doing and to do it well.

In simple words: I made crystals. Now I'm shining light on said crystals. Later I'm going to find out how much water there is attached. In the meantime I'm hoping not to break any expensive equipment 👍

[herecomesthementalmeltdown]

there are two types of anime power systems:

"i survived the fall because of the power of love! :3"

and

"Organometallic chemistry is the study of organometallic compounds, chemical compounds containing at least one chemical bond between a carbon atom of an organic molecule and a metal, including alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metals, and sometimes broadened to include metalloids like boron, silicon, and selenium, as well.[1][2] Aside from bonds to organyl fragments or molecules, bonds to 'inorganic' carbon, like carbon monoxide (metal carbonyls), cyanide, or carbide, are generally considered to be organometallic as well. Some related compounds such as transition metal hydrides and metal phosphine complexes are often included in discussions of organometallic compounds, though strictly speaking, they are not necessarily organometallic. The related but distinct term "metalorganic compound" refers to metal-containing compounds lacking direct metal-carbon bonds but which contain organic ligands. Metal β-diketonates, alkoxides, dialkylamides, and metal phosphine complexes are representative members of this class. The field of organometallic chemistry combines aspects of traditional inorganic and organic chemistry.[3]

Organometallic compounds are widely used both stoichiometrically in research and industrial chemical reactions, as well as in the role of catalysts to increase the rates of such reactions (e.g., as in uses of homogeneous catalysis), where target molecules include polymers, pharmaceuticals, and many other types of practical products.

Most organometallic compounds are solids at room temperature, however some are liquids such as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, or even volatile liquids such as nickel tetracarbonyl.[1] Many organometallic compounds are air sensitive (reactive towards oxygen and moisture), and thus they must be handled under an inert atmosphere.[1] Some organometallic compounds such as triethylaluminium are pyrophoric and will ignite on contact with air.[6]

As in other areas of chemistry, electron counting is useful for organizing organometallic chemistry. The 18-electron rule is helpful in predicting the stabilities of organometallic complexes, for example metal carbonyls and metal hydrides. The 18e rule has two representative electron counting models, ionic and neutral (also known as covalent) ligand models, respectively.[7] The hapticity of a metal-ligand complex, can influence the electron count.[7] Hapticity (η, lowercase Greek eta), describes the number of contiguous ligands coordinated to a metal.[7] For example, ferrocene, [(η5-C5H5)2Fe], has two cyclopentadienyl ligands giving a hapticity of 5, where all five carbon atoms of the C5H5 ligand bond equally and contribute one electron to the iron center. Ligands that bind non-contiguous atoms are denoted the Greek letter kappa, κ.[7] Chelating κ2-acetate is an example. The covalent bond classification method identifies three classes of ligands, X,L, and Z; which are based on the electron donating interactions of the ligand. Many organometallic compounds do not follow the 18e rule. The metal atoms in organometallic compounds are frequently described by their d electron count and oxidation state. These concepts can be used to help predict their reactivity and preferred geometry. Chemical bonding and reactivity in organometallic compounds is often discussed from the perspective of the isolobal principle.

A wide variety of physical techniques are used to determine the structure, composition, and properties of organometallic compounds. X-ray diffraction is a particularly important technique that can locate the positions of atoms within a solid compound, providing a detailed description of its structure.[1][8] Other techniques like infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are also frequently used to obtain information on the structure and bonding of organometallic compounds.[1][8] Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is a common technique used to obtain information on the electronic structure of organometallic compounds. It is also used monitor the progress of organometallic reactions, as well as determine their kinetics.[8] The dynamics of organometallic compounds can be studied using dynamic NMR spectroscopy.[1] Other notable techniques include X-ray absorption spectroscopy,[9] electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.[1][8]

Due to their high reactivity towards oxygen and moisture, organometallic compounds often must be handled using air-free techniques. Air-free handling of organometallic compounds typically requires the use of laboratory apparatuses such as a glovebox or Schlenk line.[1]

Early developments in organometallic chemistry include Louis Claude Cadet's synthesis of methyl arsenic compounds related to cacodyl, William Christopher Zeise's[10] platinum-ethylene complex,[11] Edward Frankland's discovery of diethyl- and dimethylzinc, Ludwig Mond's discovery of Ni(CO)4,[1] and Victor Grignard's organomagnesium compounds. (Although not always acknowledged as an organometallic compound, Prussian blue, a mixed-valence iron-cyanide complex, was first prepared in 1706 by paint maker Johann Jacob Diesbach as the first coordination polymer and synthetic material containing a metal-carbon bond.[12]) The abundant and diverse products from coal and petroleum led to Ziegler–Natta, Fischer–Tropsch, hydroformylation catalysis which employ CO, H2, and alkenes as feedstocks and ligands.

Recognition of organometallic chemistry as a distinct subfield culminated in the Nobel Prizes to Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson for work on metallocenes. In 2005, Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock shared the Nobel Prize for metal-catalyzed olefin metathesis.[13]

Organometallic chemistry timeline

edit

1760 Louis Claude Cadet de Gassicourt isolates the organoarsenic compound cacodyl

1827 William Christopher Zeise produces Zeise's salt; the first platinum / olefin complex

1848 Edward Frankland discovers diethylzinc

1890 Ludwig Mond discovers nickel carbonyl

1899 John Ulric Nef discovers alkynylation using sodium acetylides.

1909 Paul Ehrlich introduces Salvarsan for the treatment of syphilis, an early arsenic based organometallic compound

1912 Nobel Prize Victor Grignard and Paul Sabatier

1930 Henry Gilman invents lithium cuprates, see Gilman reagent

1940 Eugene G. Rochow and Richard Müller discover the direct process for preparing organosilicon compounds

1930's and 1940's Otto Roelen and Walter Reppe develop metal-catalyzed hydroformylation and acetylene chemistry

1951 Walter Hieber was awarded the Alfred Stock prize for his work with metal carbonyl chemistry.

1951 Ferrocene is discovered

1956 Dorothy Crawfoot Hodgkin determines the structure of vitamin B12, the first biomolecule found to contain a metal-carbon bond, see bioorganometallic chemistry

1963 Nobel prize for Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta on Ziegler–Natta catalyst

1973 Nobel prize Geoffrey Wilkinson and Ernst Otto Fischer on sandwich compounds

1981 Nobel prize Roald Hoffmann and Kenichi Fukui for creation of the Woodward-Hoffman Rules

2001 Nobel prize W. S. Knowles, R. Noyori and Karl Barry Sharpless for asymmetric hydrogenation

2005 Nobel prize Yves Chauvin, Robert Grubbs, and Richard Schrock on metal-catalyzed alkene metathesis

2010 Nobel prize Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki for palladium catalyzed cross coupling reactions

Subspecialty areas of organometallic chemistry include:

Period 2 elements: organolithium chemistry, organoberyllium chemistry, organoborane chemistry

Period 3 elements: organosodium chemistry, organomagnesium chemistry, organoaluminium chemistry, organosilicon chemistry

Period 4 elements: organocalcium chemistry, organoscandium chemistry, organotitanium chemistry, organovanadium chemistry, organochromium chemistry, organomanganese chemistry, organoiron chemistry, organocobalt chemistry, organonickel chemistry, organocopper chemistry, organozinc chemistry, organogallium chemistry, organogermanium chemistry, organoarsenic chemistry, organoselenium chemistry

Period 5 elements: organoyttrium chemistry, organozirconium chemistry, organoniobium chemistry, organomolybdenum chemistry, organotechnetium chemistry, organoruthenium chemistry, organorhodium chemistry, organopalladium chemistry, organosilver chemistry, organocadmium chemistry, organoindium chemistry, organotin chemistry, organoantimony chemistry, organotellurium chemistry

Period 6 elements: organolanthanide chemistry, organocerium chemistry, organotantalum chemistry, organotungsten chemistry, organorhenium chemistry, organoosmium chemistry, organoiridium chemistry, organoplatinum chemistry, organogold chemistry, organomercury chemistry, organothallium chemistry, organolead chemistry, organobismuth chemistry, organopolonium chemistry

Period 7 elements: organoactinide chemistry, organothorium chemistry, organouranium chemistry, organoneptunium chemistry

Organometallic compounds find wide use in commercial reactions, both as homogenous catalysts and as stoichiometric reagents. For instance, organolithium, organomagnesium, and organoaluminium compounds, examples of which are highly basic and highly reducing, are useful stoichiometrically but also catalyze many polymerization reactions.[14]

Almost all processes involving carbon monoxide rely on catalysts, notable examples being described as carbonylations.[15] The production of acetic acid from methanol and carbon monoxide is catalyzed via metal carbonyl complexes in the Monsanto process and Cativa process. Most synthetic aldehydes are produced via hydroformylation. The bulk of the synthetic alcohols, at least those larger than ethanol, are produced by hydrogenation of hydroformylation-derived aldehydes. Similarly, the Wacker process is used in the oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde.[16]

Almost all industrial processes involving alkene-derived polymers rely on organometallic catalysts. The world's polyethylene and polypropylene are produced via both heterogeneously via Ziegler–Natta catalysis and homogeneously, e.g., via constrained geometry catalysts.[17]

Most processes involving hydrogen rely on metal-based catalysts. Whereas bulk hydrogenations (e.g., margarine production) rely on heterogeneous catalysts, for the production of fine chemicals such hydrogenations rely on soluble (homogenous) organometallic complexes or involve organometallic intermediates.[18] Organometallic complexes allow these hydrogenations to be effected asymmetrically.

Many semiconductors are produced from trimethylgallium, trimethylindium, trimethylaluminium, and trimethylantimony. These volatile compounds are decomposed along with ammonia, arsine, phosphine and related hydrides on a heated substrate via metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) process in the production of light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

Organometallic compounds undergo several important reactions:

associative and dissociative substitution

oxidative addition and reductive elimination

transmetalation

migratory insertion

β-hydride elimination

electron transfer

carbon-hydrogen bond activation

carbometalation

hydrometalation

cyclometalation

nucleophilic abstraction

The synthesis of many organic molecules are facilitated by organometallic complexes. Sigma-bond metathesis is a synthetic method for forming new carbon-carbon sigma bonds. Sigma-bond metathesis is typically used with early transition-metal complexes that are in their highest oxidation state.[19] Using transition-metals that are in their highest oxidation state prevents other reactions from occurring, such as oxidative addition. In addition to sigma-bond metathesis, olefin metathesis is used to synthesize various carbon-carbon pi bonds. Neither sigma-bond metathesis or olefin metathesis change the oxidation state of the metal.[20][21] Many other methods are used to form new carbon-carbon bonds, including beta-hydride elimination and insertion reactions.

Organometallic complexes are commonly used in catalysis. Major industrial processes include hydrogenation, hydrosilylation, hydrocyanation, olefin metathesis, alkene polymerization, alkene oligomerization, hydrocarboxylation, methanol carbonylation, and hydroformylation.[16] Organometallic intermediates are also invoked in many heterogeneous catalysis processes, analogous to those listed above. Additionally, organometallic intermediates are assumed for Fischer–Tropsch process.

Organometallic complexes are commonly used in small-scale fine chemical synthesis as well, especially in cross-coupling reactions[22] that form carbon-carbon bonds, e.g. Suzuki-Miyaura coupling,[23] Buchwald-Hartwig amination for producing aryl amines from aryl halides,[24] and Sonogashira coupling, etc.

Natural and contaminant organometallic compounds are found in the environment. Some that are remnants of human use, such as organolead and organomercury compounds, are toxicity hazards. Tetraethyllead was prepared for use as a gasoline additive but has fallen into disuse because of lead's toxicity. Its replacements are other organometallic compounds, such as ferrocene and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT).[25] The organoarsenic compound roxarsone is a controversial animal feed additive. In 2006, approximately one million kilograms of it were produced in the U.S alone.[26] Organotin compounds were once widely used in anti-fouling paints but have since been banned due to environmental concerns.[27]"

[burberrycanary]

Tagged by @booksandabeer, @zenaidamacrouras1 and way back by @village-skeptic: post four or six random non-selfie pictures.

(1) Before: farmers market haul \o/ (2) After: today's quick lunch of tomatoes, olives, mint and manouri cheese. (3) Ionic order—and one of the most beautiful capitals I've ever seen. (4) Flowers from a dear friend <3 (5) Golden hour. (6) Violet light and an old fashioned.

I know this has been going around for a while but, no pressure, I'm tagging @hangingonyourwords, @msilverstar, @etakyeldud, @skarabrae-stone, @wewringmagicfromtheordinary and @buckrogers.

[deepspaceboytoy]

The Siege of Tremaine, Part 6

“I am the Lord High Admiral Herius Iolanthus Victus, crowned Prince of the Imperium, commander of the warship Invictus. This system is now under my protection. Flee now and I will let you run. Stay, and I will gun you down where you stand. I will scour this system clean of you and your allies. Do not expect mercy. Do not expect kindness. Admiral Victus, out.”

-Warning broadcast from the Invictus as it broke Tremaine’s atmosphere. Message was broadcast in 1,157 different Igorian and Aberinian languages. The message was broadcast only one time. Exactly 60 seconds after broadcast, the Invictus began firing on any ship still under combat footing.

July 10th, 2677. It is the beginning of the end. The Siege has a reached a fever pitch. Tremaine is bruised and palsied, caught in the throes of world-death. The atmosphere is on fire, ionic supercells breaching the firestorm as battleships fall to the surface like rain. The air is ash and dust, the ground scabbed and diseased.

Tremaine is dying, one artillery shell at a time, wracked by superstorms and firewalls and the megaton rain of orbital bombardment. Sixty million boots stomp the life out from it, the battles never ending now, one skirmish or assault bleeding into the next. Time is measured in rounds fired, bombardments calculated, bodies exploded. Nothing else matters now. The system will be won or lost on Tremaine, and the Imperium and Igorian Republic alike know this.

Domask Fayatan commits his forces utterly, abandoning the concept of reserves as he tries to drown the Imperial forces in a tide of amphibian bodies. For the first time since the Siege began, the core of legion territory on Tremaine begins to buckle and sunder under the sheer weight of enemy numbers. The last days have begun. Five million legionaries put aside any thought of retreat, and set about selling their lives to the last. Fort Zama, Point Rain, Port Voltun. The last walls are finally under assault. Corvus Nino, son of the late Legatus Primus Nino who had led the defense long past when anyone else would have failed, stands atop the walls of Fort Zama, ready to carry on where his father fell. There is no step back for either side. The commitment must be made, the resolve must be found. Victory will only come after full and total dedication.

The first move comes from the Legion lines. As one, the 1st Legio Stella Draconum rises from their fixed positions, draws combat blades, and charges the Igorians. One hundred thousand of the finest soldiers in Imperial history, a legion that has existed since before humanity left earth, flowing like a tide into the serried ranks of Igorian militia. Legionaries simply run through the waiting Igorians, power armor boosting them clean through bodies and barricades. The 1st Legion drives into the heart of the forces assembled in front of Fort Zama, and they reap a grim toll in those first few moments, speed and fury carrying them hundreds of meters into Igorian lines. And then they die. First by ones and twos, and then tens and twenties, hundreds and thousands. Cohorts vaporize instantly, entire maniples disintegrating at once.

But the Legion accomplishes what it chose to die for: the opening is made. The Igorian lines are dissolved, fortifications blown open. And the wall guns of Fort Zama speak; tens of thousands of guns, roaring a barrage a million shells strong in just the first few seconds. New suns bloom in the center of the enemy, plasma annihlators and hyperfusion rockets releasing millions of degrees of heat into packed and disoriented Igorian troopers. Macrobombs and thermobaric eradicators, tankbusters the size of city blocks. Every weapon the Imperium can wield has been brought to bear, and as the artillery of Fort Zama speaks, the Igorians watch a million of their comrades die in a second. The radwaves and heat blooms melt another half a million where they stand. And then the killing begins in earnest.

The wall is breached ten minutes later, and then it is breached again, and again, and again and on until there are more breaches than standing sections, and the Igorians are in among the Legions, and guns and strategy have been cast aside for blades and fists and sheer animal instinct. Fighting flows like a river through the city-sized fort, each street host to combats that would be legends if not for how many played out simultaneously. Heroes bleed and die in scores, and the unremembered dead commit feats of bravery that entire mythologies could be spun out from. No one will know. No one will remember. No one will witness.

Up the Center Trackway, the 91st Siege Legion fights its last day. The Legion-Master Tarrius Vane stands along his men, even as they are brought down by the Skilax Rangers of the Igorian Army. At the Seraph Barricades, 11th Legio Ferrata Dux counts the last magazines, smokes the last cigarettes, exchanges the last meaningful look. The last six hundred Legionaries know what is coming. Anastasia Abbas, who had only just taken command in the days before the Siege, gives the order. The charge begins, the last of the Legion dying to buy time. Just a little more time.

A day passes. As dawn breaks on the 11th, half the fort is gone. Communications have broken down completely, and word has been lost from both Point Rain and Port Voltun. Zama is alone. Corvus Nino fights in the heart of the battle, coordinating the defense of Battery 8-11, a cluster of hyperfusion rocket launchers that vomit a tide of rockets into the captured sections of the fort. 3 whole legions stand here at this one junction, the core of legionary resistance. Three times, the Igorians have tested the defenses, and three times they’ve been thrown back. A fourth will push the legions. A fifth could break them. By days end there will be forty-seven. The streets and buildings around the battery will be rad-blackened and incendiary scorched, but the line will not break until the order to retreat is given. All throughout the fort, similar battles are waged, casualties an afterthought in the feverish fighting.

The sun sets. Central Command is all that remains, five legions drawing their line in the sand. This is it, the final position, the last wall. The end. Outside the fortified square, the Igorians gather strength. There is nothing left on the planet to stop them, and their commanders know it.

And so night falls, both sides readying for the sword-fall of morning’s light.

It is heralded with rain. Not the greasy, sick rain that has plagued Tremaine for over a year, thick with chemicals and the smog of apocalypse; no, it is clear rain, and it is pouring.

It is the third day.

At 07:23 Terran Adjusted Time, July 12, 2677, the Invictus breaches Tremaine’s bruised and atrophied atmosphere. The ship has burst from Realm-space inside the atmosphere, and the rain falls from the melting Realm-frost of translation into realspace. A primordial leviathan, Invictus hangs in the sky, blocking the sun. Her black hull is silhouetted by the distorted rays of sunlight peering through around her. She is singular. She is infinity. Her size and scale defies reason, defies perception, defies good sense and nature. She is a mountain of alien hypermetals and exotic energies. She is a hulk of battle-steel encrusted in guns and hangars and close defense weapons. She is a god of old, a war totem of the heavens. She is strength and deep, cold, senseless violence. She is an icon, a graven image of incalculable damage and unknowable fury.

Her shields are lowered, arrogant in her own supremacy, even as megaton rain falls from the Igorian fleet. Solar beamers and volcanic lances gouge into her armored skin, skyscraper sized backbreaker missiles burying into her to unleash massive payload detonations. She does not flinch. And in the silence of the forgotten Siege, she fires.

Domask Curaxis Hrota Fayatan served the Igorian Federal Republic for 72 illustrious years. His record of service outstripped any other domask in Republic history. His victory roll rivaled that of any commander in the galaxy. One moment, he stands on the bridge of the carrier Ulkas’Ronta, and the next, his atoms join those of a million Igorian sailors in orbit over Tremaine. The Fleet is no more.

From the belly of Invictus falls a numberless tide of Drop Assault legionaries. So many fall from her embarkation decks that it appears as if towers of blackened earth have risen to greet the void leviathan now abusing Tremaine’s atmosphere. Black-armored legionaries land among the Igorians, and set about driving them from the fort. Nino leads his own troops out from the square, and a rushing wave of legionaries flows out into the streets and barracks blocks, stopping only when it reaches the walls, driving what’s left of the Igorian army out into Tremaine’s wastes. Invictus’ soldiers do not stop.

Similar miracles happen at Point Rain and Port Voltun. The Invictus has broken the Siege.

On the 13th, Crown Prince-in-Exile Lord High Admiral Herius Iolanthus Victus accepts domask Ioltun’s unconditional surrender. Later that day, he accepts one from Fayatan’s successor. The last remaining civilians in the Tremaine System are starlifted to other worlds in other systems, and the Imperium begins recovering what it can. One of the last items recovered from the world is the standard of the 1st Legion.

By January of 2678, the Tremaine System is declared recovered, though it means little in the long run. Tremaine, once a verdant and prosperous sector capital, is no more than broken rock, finally shattered in the days after the Siege from the unending tectonic abuse. It will take decades to restore the sundered orbital ring of the Tremaine Military Staryards, and the surface is a stormwracked hellscape. Some of the original population will resettle on titanic stations in orbit, or on Cygnus, Suebi, and Cyprii, but in the ashes of the aftermath, the Tremaine System will never recover.

Neither will the Igorian Federal Republic. Staggering numbers of troops and ships were committed, and with the failure of the Siege and the success of the Imperial counterattack, the war will swiftly deteriorate. On August 9th, 2679, the Unity Wars will officially end, the IFR dissolved only 114 years after its formation from out of the First Igorian Civil War. Clans Berakth and Ferathtz will suffer similar fates, both being absorbed by the Clan Kilaurus, newfound allies of the Imperium. In the aftermath of the war, the Igorians will fall into a second civil war, before forming the Igorian People’s Republic in the years to come.

The war will change the face of galactic politics in its wake. The Imperium Humanum, long in ascendancy, takes its place as the premier galactic power, its position unchallenged after the devastation. Imperial allies, primarily the Benden Military States and Zentilluss System-states, will recover quickly, dividing the galaxy between the Imperium and its associates, and the Horagint Confederacy and its network of client states.

Perhaps the greatest legacy of the Siege, however, is how it will cement Herius Victus’ reputation on the galactic stage. No longer just a legend inside the Imperium, his actions in singularly lifting the Siege, and in his conquest of the Igorian capital Ava’cumish, will make him a specter to the rest of the galaxy.

[athensandspartaadventures]

OCtober day 26: Corinth Outfits

Despite being a fashionable lady of means, Corinth doesn't appear in too many different outfits. She's wealthy, but I think her taste is a little bit simple and practical with a few accents here and there, the colour of the fabric is extravagant enough. I have drawn her in an ionic chiton once on the cover of chapter 6, but as a Dorian descendent she most often wears the simpler doric style chitons.

She does plan on dressing a little bit more elaborately for something though, so we will see.

I'm not sure if I always drew her bundled up because I wasn't confident in my ability to draw himations or not, but I think it's also because compared to Athens she's much more reserved and aware of social decorum. As Sparta's frequent ally, I think she's consciously adopted his posture (even if she doesn't always have as good a hold on her temper) and it kind of reflects her behaviour of never being the first one to attack or show her hand.

[shankhachil]

Countdown to JEE (Main): Week 4/33

This week's been a bit stressful because of unit tests and also because I haven't been very well, what with the weather change :') I did my best though!!

Test results:

Allen monthly test: 205/360, rank 2/8. In my defence, the questions were really hard and there were a few chapters I hadn't studied yet....

Topics covered:

Physics: Electrostatics; Electric Potential and Capacitance; Simple Harmonic Motion; Fluids; Modern Physics (5/3)

Chemistry: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers; Halogen Derivatives; Isomerism; Ionic Equilibrium (4/3)

Mathematics: Matrices; Vectors; Differential Equations; Permutation and Combination (4/3)

Questions solved:

Physics: - Physics tuition question bank, Electrostatics and Electric Potential and Capacitance — 123 questions, 114 correct - Allen Electrostatics module, S — 28 questions, 25 correct - Physics tuition Potential and Capacitance module — 38 questions, 35 correct - Physics tuition Electrostatics module — 31 questions, 27 correct - Allen Student Question Bank, Simple Harmonic Motion — 40 questions, 32 correct - Allen Student Question Bank, Fluids — 20 questions, 20 correct Total: 280/60 questions, 253 correct

Chemistry: - Allen Organic RACE 1,2,3,4,5 — 50 questions, 43 correct - Allen Physical RACE 11, 12, 13, 14 — 40 questions, 34 correct - FIITJEE Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers module, Exercises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 — 48 questions, 42 correct - Kota Question Bank, Halogen Derivatives, single-choice, multiple-choice, comprehension and matching-type — 162 questions, 138 correct - Kota Question Bank, Alcohols, Ethers and Epoxy, single-choice — 70 questions, 55 correct - Kota Question Bank, Isomerism, single-choice questions — 51 questions, 42 correct Total: 421/60 questions, 354 correct

Mathematics: - Cengage Algebra Matrices, multiple-correct questions — 33 questions, 26 correct - Allen Differential Equations module, O3 and O4 — 20 questions, 16 correct - FIITJEE JEE (Advanced) archives, Permutation and Combination — 31 questions, 26 correct - Yellow Book, Permutation and Combination, single-choice — 26 questions, 24 correct Total: 110/60 questions, 92 correct

GRAND TOTAL: 811/400 questions, 699 correct

I!!!! Still!!!! Need to work on my accuracy!!! it's so frustrating but I promise I am Trying My Best

Upcoming tests:

28/06 (Friday) — Test at physics tuition center (JEE (Advanced) pattern). Topics: Motion in One and Two Dimensions; Units and Dimensions; Electrostatics; Potential and Capacitance; General Organic Chemistry; Halogen Derivatives; Chemical Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry; Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers.

30/06 (Sunday) — Online test for mathematics tuition (JEE (Advanced) pattern). Topics: Trigonometry; Logarithms; Quadratic Equations; Sequences and Series; Trigonometric Equations; Permutation and Combination; Functions; Limits, Continuity and Differentiability

See you again next week!